George Washington Farewell Speech Analysis - 1947 Words

When analyzing the farewell speech of President George Washington, it is crucial to mention that all elements and concepts found there in can be applied to today’s politics. This can be seen by looking in depth and finding the portions of the farewell speech that apply to the issues that concern today’s society, and these are such as earning the trust of the American public when the new election of a president is coming upon us; he also speaks of what binds an American citizen to their country which is something that be a problem found within the public among Americans. It be seen through individuals not looking at each other as equal citizens of United States which have caused division which seems to be a worry of Washington in his†¦show more content†¦This as well can be seen from presidents such as President Bush and he made it well known during his farewell address to use Washington’s speech to explain his reasoning for expressing thereof; in his farewell conference interview, he admits to making mistakes and choices during his 8 years of presidency which he says at the time were decisions he felt were a necessity at that given time (New York Times Stolberg, 2009). Another portion of Washington’s speech can be found by him giving credit to the nation as whole for accomplishing certain overhauls, with surrounding all the criticism when it came to certain decisions under his presidency, meanwhile the support from the public remained therein. Especially the work that as a people accomplish with pushing forward for the passing of the US Constitution. In president Obama’s farewell address telling constituents how he was extremely grateful for the American people not only making him into a better president but a better man, and on top of it gives praise to citizens for working hand in hand with the accomplishment of gaining momentum on the cost of health care rising at a slow rate due to the passing of the affordable healthcare act (New York Times, 2017). With the warnings that Washington points out to those attending the farewell speech and possibly future generations whom would be reading it later in years to come, he felt quite stronglyShow MoreRelatedGeorge Washington s Farewell Address Essay1258 Words   |  6 PagesChase Williams US History to 1865 Dr. Lisa Crutchfield October 14, 2015 George Washington s Farewell Address, Primary Source Analysis George Washington’s Presidential Farewell Address consisted of three critical elements that were considered vital for the functional survival of the country that had just won its independence. On September 19, 1796, President Washington advised the nation to stand together as one united country, warned the people about the dangers of political parties and heRead MoreGeorge Washington s Farewell Address Essay1884 Words   |  8 Pages1796 that George Washington gave his â€Å"Farewell Address.† This profoundly important message is still read each year in the Senate. On September 19, 1796, US President George Washington published his Farewell Address to the nation of citizens. It was a thoroughly thoughtful analysis of our new nation, its needs for the future and his plans to decline to seek a third term as president. It was not delivered as a speech, but rather published in many newspapers and public venues. George Washington announcedRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Ronald Reagan s Farewell Address Essay1767 Words   |  8 PagesFarewells and Fair-Warnings A Rhetorical Analysis of Ronald Reagan’s Farewell Address Introduction to Analysis On January 11, 1989, President Ronald Reagan sat at his desk in the Oval Office to address his nation for the final time. This rhetorical moment was not the first of its kind. Rather, the Farewell Address is a Presidential tradition, started by George Washington, that every president takes part in before leaving office. As a sort of â€Å"goodbye† to the nation, the President discusses the accomplishmentsRead MorePosition Paper on Military Industrial Complex1837 Words   |  8 Pagesdefense spending. For any country, military spending is a big part of the national budget. Over time this business transaction has formed into a relationship between the nation’s armed forces and these private defense industries. In his farewell speech, President Eisenhower warned the country of this relationship. He named this relationship as the â€Å"military industrial complex.† The military industrial complex (MIC) is commonly applied to the United States’ expenditure in comparison to otherRead More George Washington Essay2467 Words   |  10 Pages Washington, George (1732-99), commander in chief of the Continental army during the American Revolution, and later the first president of the United States. He symbolized qualities of discipline, aristocratic duty, military orthodoxy, and persistence in adversity that his contemporaries particularly valued as marks of mature political leadership. Washington was born on February 22, 1732, in Westmoreland County, Virginia, the eldest son of Augustine Washington, a Virginia planter, and Mary BallRead MoreAmerican Revolution and Study Guide Essay example5377 Words   |  22 PagesWilliams George Whitefield Lord Baltimore William Bradford John Peter Zenger Virtual representation Walter Raleigh John Winthrop Paxton boys James Oglethorpe Puritans Triangular trade First Continental Congress John Smith Separatists Molasses Act Sugar Act Francis Drake Pilgrims Scots-Irish Quartering Act William Penn Predestination Louis XIV Boston Massacre Henry VIII Salutary neglect George Washington Stamp Act Read MoreThe Studio System Essay14396 Words   |  58 Pages†¦His stamp was on everything†¦. Hans was a tremendous influence†¦. He knew what everyone was doing, and he would give a critique of these things (Affron 20). Some examples of Dreiers work: The Vagabond King (1929), Morocco (1930), Farewell To Arms (1932), Lives of a Bengal Lancer (1935), If I Were King (1938) and Beau Geste (1939). Works Cited Affron, Charles and Mirella Jona Affron. Sets in Motion: Art Direction and Film Narrative, (Rutgers Univ. Press, New Jersey)Read MoreEssays for the American Pageant, 14th Ed.11068 Words   |  45 Pagesby observing that the French Revolution that began in 1789 and the subsequent Napoleonic Wars plunged Europe into a turbulent historical era. Many Americans hoped to stay out of the European struggles, and this goal was articulated in George Washington’s Farewell Address. However, American merchants depended on free use of the seas for trade, and this brought them into contact with the warring European parties. Some Americans favored Britain, the former mother country and largest trading partnerRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pagesconsideration of factors relevant to strategy-based human resource investment decisions. Factors to be discussed include the organization’s managerial values, risk and return trade-offs, the economic rationale for investments in training, t he investment analysis approach of utility theory, and outsourcing as an alternative to investments in human resources. Following the discussion of these factors, specific investments in strategy-related training and development will be considered. This discussion willRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 PagesJamaicans regard as their cultural contribution to the world. Later I will return to these issues and will demonstrate how they contribute to the routinization of Rastafari in Jamaica. The nature of this book dictates a heavy reliance on documentary analysis. My focus is interpretation not ethnography. Therefore, I have not sought to generate primary data on the movement but to analyze and re-analyze the growing body of scholarly and popular literature on the movement, including sociological and anthropological

Essay on Driunk Driving Statistics - 1109 Words

How many times have you made it home safely while drinking and driving? Hopefully you have never tried. In 2011, on average someone died every 53 minutes from an alcohol related accident in the US alone (2011 Drunk Driving statistics). It is illegal to drive under the influence in all of North America and Puerto Rico. A car crash is considered â€Å"alcohol-related† if at least one driver or pedestrian involved in the crash has a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of .08 grams per deciliter (g/dL) or higher (2011 Drunk Driving statistics). There are many solutions to drinking and driving; however there are ways to get around just about every solution. Drinking and driving is a huge problem in the United States. When someone is driving while†¦show more content†¦First, the Ignition Interlock system is a Breathalyzer that can be installed into a person’s car. Before the person is able to start their car, they have to blow into the Breathalyzer that is installed in their car. The Breathalyzer will measure the amount of alcohol in the persons system at that time. As long as they blow under the legal limit of 0.8 g/dL, their car will start. If it is higher, the ignition will lock and the car will not be able to start (Bose). When the minimum drinking age was raised from 18 to 21 years old, it reduced alcohol related crashes by 16 percent. Finally, the zero tolerance law has helped to reduce alcohol related crashes by a further 11 percent (Bose). Also, if you get pulled over, the officer might have you do a few things called Field Sobriety Tests. You may be asked to stand with one lag lifted off of the ground for a few s econds. They may also ask you to do the â€Å"walk and turn test.† The officer will ask the driver to walk in a straight line putting one foot directly in front of the other, turn, and walk back the same way. There are also a few other tests that the officer can ask you to do. If you are drunk, the police officer will see that the appropriate actions are taken (FreeAdvance staff). The most effective tactic seems to be the immediate cancelation of the driver’s license the first time a

Egypt Mexican Pyramids Essay Example For Students

Egypt Mexican Pyramids Essay For many centuries people have been fascinated by ancient cultures and treasures. During the last two centuries the science of archeology and modern inventions allowed people to get inside of the Egyptian and Mayan pyramids and discover the treasures of Egyptian pharaohs and Mayan rulers. Most of what we know about Egypt we owe to the pyramids. Thanks to Egyptian belief in the afterlife we can now find out about the civilization that existed nearly five thousand years ago. Egyptian culture is not the only culture that left us its heritage in pyramids. In America we find pyramids build by civilizations of Olmec and Maya about 7th century CE. These pyramids had different purposes and usage then the ones in Egypt but they stand as memorials to ancient civilizations as well. Egyptian people believed in life after death. One of the way pharaohs prepared themselves for the afterlife journey was by building a pyramid and putting there all their belongings and riches. Egyptian people believed that pharaoh is the closest person to the God and treated him accordingly. That is the reason for Egyptian tombs being full with the golden jewelry, precious stones and art objects. Most of the time art objects were not considered a treasury but they played their particular role in religious rituals. Jars were holding food and drinks for pharaohs journey, so he would not get hungry and would have food and drinks to offer to the Gods. The figurative sculptures were suppose to accompany Ka spiritual entity in its lonely stay or serve as a twin for the mummy. If something happens to the mummy the ka could use the sculpture of the pharaoh for the revelation. As well as for Egyptians religion was an everyday concern for many of the Maya, whether the dynastic ruler, the zealous priest, or the humble believer. Maya has an extensive religion structure which we can not know in details. Chac and Itzamna are the most famous gods of Mayan culture. Hunahpu and Xbalanque are among the most interesting mythical characters. One of the most crucial gods was Tlaloc, who was worshiped in various guises by the culture of Teotihuacan, the Toltec of Tula, and later Aztecs. The Maya received the cult of Tlaloc during the 4th century more or less. The Cauac Monster, also known as the Witz monster, is a dominant supernatural concept in Maya religion, as are caves, cenotes, and other holy places Maya Civilization pars. 6. The Maya built shrines, temples, and pyramids in honor of their gods, as well as to their kings, who ruled by all-encompassing concept of Divine power. Most of Mayan pyramids are temples to the gods, not the burial tombs as in Egypt. Even though Maya sometimes buried there their rulers they always put the temple on the top of the pyramid. Egyptians had temples near the pyramid or right next to it for the ceremonial services, but it never was placed on top of the structure. Also buildings in both cultures have a lot in common in their visual characteristics they are different structures. Egyptian pyramids originally had smooth equal sides meeting on the top in the perfect apex. Mayan pyramids look like one huge stairway towards the sky. It reminds of earliest Egyptian structures-mastabas, where one layer of stones was put onto another creating the effect of pyramid. Also The Tikal Temple on Great Plaza was originally plastered white. Then the roof comb was painted with reds, blues, and other colors to accent the different areas of sculptural decoration. These roof combs were like giant billboards, with immense portrayals of the enthroned king, larger then life size Cities pars. 3. Egyptians never colored their religious structures. As well as in Egyptian pyramids, the stone used to construct Mayan pyramids is local limestone, obtained from nearby quarries. The ancient Maya had no stone tools but limestone is soft enough that the Maya could utilize chert tools to work the stone in to neat rectangular building blocks. Egyptian pyramids served as huge tombs and they were constructed in such a way so they would stand for thousand years. Egyptians did not know when the spirit would return into the dead body. Pyramids were constructed of rough stone blocks laid in horizontal rows, in a polygonal shape, with triangular sides rising to meet in the apex. Some were originally as high as 750 feet. Egypt EssayBy the Middle Kingdom 2025 B. C the figures had become mummiform in shape, and their inscriptions clearly join the deceased with Osiris, the god of the underworld, who rose to prominence during this period. By late Dynasty XII 1850 B. C. The statuettes original function as residence for the ka has expanded greatly. Although the original identification with the tomb owner was never lost, the figures were seen primarily as workers who performed a service for the deceased, and they became known by the ancient Egyptians as shabits. Rapidly shabit-figures came to represent the deceaseds servants in the afterlife and were so popular that they replaced the model servant statues previously deposited in upper-class graves of the Old and Middle Kingdoms Life sect. 1. One of the most important traditions in the Egyptian culture was the mummification of the dead body. According to Egyptian religion the body had to be intact in order for Ka to return. Mummification of the dead body was a complicated and long process. The famous Greek historian Herodotus reported on the Egyptian practice of mummification: They take first a crooked piece of iron, and with it draw out brain through the nostrils, thus getting rid of a portion, while the skull is cleared of the rest by rinsing with drugs; next they make a cut along the flank with a sharp Ethiopian stone, and take out the whole contents of the abdomen, which they then cleanse, washing it throughly with palm wine, and again frequently with an infusion of pounded aromatics. After this they fill the cavity with the purest bruised myrrh, with cassia, and every other sort of spicery except frankincense, and sew up the opening. Herodotus sect. 1 After these procedures were done the body was placed in natrum for saventy days. They put the body into the wooden coffin which was shaped into the man figure. Sometimes the wooden coffin was placed into the golden one decorated by precious stones and paint. In Mayan culture we find no evidences that any techniques of mummification were used. In the humid climate of Central America it is very hard to preserve a dead body for such a long time that is needed for the mummification process. As we can see Mayan and Egyptian cultures have a lot in common. However, some major differences can be found. Mayan religion was not obsessed with an afterlife beliefs as Egyptians were. Their pyramids were built either for Gods or as a memorial to the dead ruler or priest. Egyptians built their pyramids for the dead. Their buildings were meant to be used in the other life by the great spirits buried in them. Some visual differences also occur. Most of the Mayan pyramids are shorter then the ones at Giza site. They are not sealed forever but has an access for the priests and authorized people. The major difference is that Maya put the shrine right on top of the pyramid. The stairs led from the ground to the top of the pyramid. This way people thought they would be closer to God. In Egypt only pharaoh was considered to be closer to God therefore an enormous buildings reaching the sky was meant to be the stairway to the heaven only for the pharaoh. Nowadays these both ancient cultures still hold many mysteries for us. Most of the things we know are based on the speculations of the scientists, not on the certain facts. Archeologists working on discovering more and more about the ancient civilizations that existed thousand years ago but appeared much more advanced then we used to think about it. However, many of the documents, scripts and art evidences disappeared during such a long time. Robbers, invaders and weather were the reason for the huge loss of historical items that were kept in ancient Maya cities and along the Nile. I am sure that in the future many of the mysteries will be unfolded, but as for now, ancient people keep fascinate us with their enigmas.

Project Safety Risk Management Plan

Executive Summary This report is a study of an Australian construction project known as Sydney Light Rail Construction and Extension. The project costs around US$ 100 million. It is a continuing project which is highly manageable.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Project Safety Risk Management Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This project has been shown to be specifically risky in terms of safety. Risk management is therefore predominantly applicable for this project with special techniques and education being established for risk management. The project stakeholders relevant to this project are the contractors. The methodological approaches used in risk management in this project are risk identification, risk analysis and evaluation, risk treatment, risk management and control. The main safety risks identified on this project include site condition risks, fire outbreaks, wars leading to disputes, earth quak es, tsunamis, whirlwinds, low management capabilities of contractors, price increase of raw materials, environmental risks, accidents, water availability, contraction of major water pump components, lack of training, difficulties in capturing and stipulating the construction requirements and poor relationships between the incorporated organizations incorporated. The report focuses on coming up with a detailed Safety Management Plan. It will clearly identify the specific safety risks and requirements of this project excluding other risk variables. The risks will be controlled through arranging risk management duties, actions and financial plans. A risk officer who in most cases is a team member will be assigned the duty of managing safety risks in this project. He will be kept responsible of predicting possible project problems. A live project risk record will be maintained. In this record, each risk will have elements such as the opening date, name, a short explanation, probability and significance. A risk reporting means will be created whereby each project member will be endowed with the task of reporting risks he foresees. Mitigation plans for risks that are to be controlled will be prepared. Finally, planned and met threats, efficiency of the control activities and attempts made for risk management will be summarized.Advertising Looking for report on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Introduction Sydney Metro Light Rail Construction and Extension is a construction project in Australia. It was opened in 1998 and is owned by Metro Transport Sydney. It is managed by Connex which is a principal transport operator in Australia on an agreement of seven years. It has a route length of 7.2 km (4.5 miles). This project came to Australia with the opening of the present tramway from the central station to the town area of paramount (Bent, Nils and Werner 2003). This project has shown high grow th with the pronouncement meant on 2008 that geotechnical explorations that are very important in constructing its tunnels had begun. The late South Wales regime has instigated a number of key transport projects such as Sydney link, The North West Metro and most probably west and south east in the future. The Metro link, which is a major component of Sydney link, is likely to change Sydney’s civil property with metro handrails.17 new stations are to be established in the North West Metro whereby some are to be through by 2015 and others by 2017. It is postulated that the North West Metro will offer high quality transport links for its dwellers as well as provide rail services to the inner Sydney environs. It is to function as a stand- alone system integrating world class plans and expertise. The objective of this report is to come up with a risk management plan for the construction projects in this company focusing on the safety risks involved in construction and how they can be controlled. Manual and intuitive risk management approaches will be used. Establishment of the context This report is prepared on the managers’ perspective. Managers in this construction project have legal liabilities in relation to the safety of this project. These includes providing a general risk plan and organizing the project risk management team. The project risk manager will come from outside to ensure neutrality.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Project Safety Risk Management Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This report is relevant to both internal and external stakeholders mostly the construction head contractors and the sub contractors. The key performance indicators that will be used to measure the success of this construction project include quantifiable indicators, performance measurements, billability and percentage of projects profitable. The projects safety risks will be evaluated based on the likelihood of risk occurrence also known as the Consequence matrix. Communications and Consultation Plan The project stakeholders that have been consulted in the preparation of this report are the head contractors, sub contractors and the clients. These have provided inputs such as informing the managers of the most common safety risks and giving their views on how these risks can be managed. The project stakeholders that need to comply with the safety risk management plan are the contractors in general. This will be communicated through seminars which will educate them on how to mitigate risks involved in this safety risk management plan (Covello and Frederick 1988). Risk Identification Risk identification approach used in this project involved pinpointing and classifying safety risks that could affect this project and writing them down. These resulted to a list of risks. The project risk events were then compiled. This included a close scrutiny on the issues and conc erns established by the project development team. This was derived from an assessment of the project depiction, collapsing work structure, cost approximation, outline and construction schedules. Top down risk identification approach which entailed the use of chief executives with a complete view of the construction project was applied. Intangible risk identification approach which involved pin pointing new types of risks which had a high chance of occurring though being ignored by the construction company was also used.Advertising Looking for report on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The uncertainty involved in this construction project came from many sources and frequently involved many partakers. The safety risks relating to this Australian construction project are listed below. Environmental protection is the first safety risk. This is due to the incapability by the contractors to be familiar with the requirements of the construction and the time it will take to obtain authorization from the dictatorial agencies. Risks due to public safety regulations were identified. This was related to situations where the risks involved in construction were likely to affect the people’s health and well being. Safety risks occurring as a result of poor relationships between the organizations incorporated in the construction process were also identified. Such safety risks led to problems often concentrated on people other than project needs. Technological issues presented another form of safety risks. This was attributed to fast improvements in new technologies which impart new problems to designers and constructors. Technology was considered as a safety risk in this project since several design assumptions which have helped the professions well in the ancient times may be outdated in working with new types of constructions especially those with larger complications and scales. New buildings may thus end up collapsing in the future hence harming the public. Site condition is a safety risk to this construction project. This is specifically due to under surface conditions which constantly impart some degree of insecurity for structures with unknown features during operation. Other safety risks identified included contractual relations, poor attitude of contractors, communication problems and construction occupational safety. Climate conditions also posed a safety risk due to unfavorable weather changes. Risks associated with fire outbreaks, wars and poor relationships between the constructors were also identified. Other safety risks involved in th is construction project included poor safety alertness of top management, lack of sufficient training, uncontrolled operations, unwillingness to input resources to safety, difficulties in capturing and stipulating the construction requirements, difficulties in specifying the time and resources required to complete the construction and difficulties involved in measuring the development of the design during construction. Other safety risks included acute noise pollution caused by the construction, low management capabilities of sub contractors, tight project plans, unsuitable construction programme planning, variations of construction programmes, lack of dexterity between project participants, unavailability of sufficient professionals, lack of adequate amount of skilled labour, dispute occurrences, imprecise cost estimates, government systems, excessive approval procedures in administrative government department, incomplete approval and other documents, lack of resources, inefficienc ies in operations, regulatory risks, rebellions, strikes, personal risks, price increase of raw materials, supplier and subcontractor default, credit risks, legal liabilities, accidents, natural disasters, intentional attacks from an adversary, rain, water availability, inefficient energy sources, contraction of key water pump components, earthquakes, floods, storms, tsunamis, whirlwinds, risks that the project will not be completed in time, construction difficulties, political risks and environmental risks. Risk analysis and evaluation In risk analysis, the likelihood and effect of the ordinary risk events in this construction project were weighed up. Likelihood entailed assessing the regularity of these risks and gauging them as either qualitative or quantitative. The effect was examined by taking into account the elements depicted to a safety risk event or a sequence of events and their susceptibility. A good understanding of risk, disclosure and susceptibility of risks caused by natural hazards was ensured. Evaluation criteria in this project involved identifying the initial stages of the risk management procedure. This helped in establishing the focal point of the risk analysis and setting points of risk approval (Dorfman 2007).To reduce the consequences of ordinary catastrophes, improved understanding of the risks and their prospective effects was held important. Risk analysis in these project involved analyzing and establishing a ranking of these risks. The Likelihood of occurrence also known as the consequence matrix was used. The velocity of occurrence was multiplied by the impact of the risk. The impact of the risk was calculated on a degree of 1 to 5. This signified the least and greatest possible impact of risk occurrence. The likelihood of occurrence was measured on a range of 1 to 5, where 1 stood for a very low likelihood of the risk happening in reality while 5 signified a very high likelihood of the risk occurring. Both probability of risk occ urrence and risk impact changed in extents depending on the sufficiency of risk aversion and prevention actions taken. The top 10- 15 risks in this construction industry can therefore be ranked in the following order. Site condition risk, fire outbreaks, wars leading to disputes, earth quakes, tsunamis, whirlwinds, low management capabilities of contractors, price changes of raw materials, environmental risks, accidents, water availability, contraction of major water pump components, lack of training, difficulties in capturing and stipulating the construction requirements and poor relationships between the incorporated organizations. Risk Treatment/ Response Risk treatment techniques involved in these project included risk avoidance, risk reduction, risk sharing and risk retention. Risk avoidance would involve keeping away from all the activities that could bring in risks to the project. This would entail doing away with, abandoning or not getting involved in such activities. It wou ld also involve avoiding risks by shutting down a specific high risk construction area. Site condition risks could be avoided by selecting stable sites for construction. Wars leading to disputes among the contractors could be avoided by ensuring good relationships between the contractors. Risks as a result of accidents in the company could be avoided by enhancing carefulness. Risk reduction is another strategy that I would adopt to treat these risks. This would entail minimizing the cruelty of the loss arising from a safety risk or the probability of the loss from coming about. Sprinklers would be installed to reduce risks associated with fire breakouts. Risks associated with price changes of raw materials could be reduced by having cost budgets which plan for unexpected changes. Risk optimization strategy could also be adopted. This would involve finding equilibrium between adverse risks and the gains associated with their operation. This would also entail getting a balance between threat reduction and the applied effort. Outsourcing is another good strategy I would use to treat these risks. For instance, the construction company could outsource the assemblage of hard goods to another company while dealing with project management itself. This way, the construction company could deal with the project management without getting concerned with the manufacturing processes (Roehrig 2006). Risk sharing is another risk treatment criterion I would use. This would involve risk transfer whereby the safety risks associated with this construction project are moved to a third party through outsourcing or indemnity. Risk retention which involves admitting the loss or profit of gain from a risk when it happens is a good way of treating risks. It would involve real self insurance of all the parties involved in the construction. Risk retention may also be acceptable in cases where possibilities of large losses occurring are small and costs associated with their insurance are too high that it would hinder the achievement of the organizations goals. Risk retention therefore involves precise retainance of the risk by the group. Examples of risks treated through retention include wars. This is because losses attached to war are mostly retained by the ensured. Risk management and control The top 10-15 risks in this project could be managed by analytically selecting cost effective tactics for reducing the effect of threat realization to the firm. This is due to the fact that in any project all risks can never be completely avoided due to economic and practical restrictions (Crockford 1986, p 18). These risks could also be managed by sticking to a precedention process whereby the risks causing the highest harm to the project and the utmost possibility of occurring are dealt with first. Examples of such risks include site condition risks, fire outbreaks, wars leading to disputes, earth quakes, tsunamis, whirlwinds and price changes of raw materials. This is fol lowed by the risks with low occurrence probability and very little loss to the project such as low management capabilities of contractors, environmental risks, accidents, water availability, contraction of major water pump components, lack of training, difficulties in capturing and stipulating the construction requirements and poor relationships between the incorporated contractors. Equilibrium between hazards with high occurring probabilities but low deficits versus those with low occurrence probabilities but high deficits should be maintained. (Hubbard 2009, p 46). Risk management in this project could also involve detecting, categorizing and assessing risks. This could be followed by gauging the vulnerability of the key assets to particular risks and establishing the anticipated effects of these risks. Ways of minimizing these risks would then be ascertained and risk reduction procedures prioritized based on certain approaches. For these risk management approaches to be effective , it was ensured that they created some worth, were a fundamental part of the construction undertakings and formed part of supervisory management. They were to openly address improbabilities, be logical, well organized, comprehensive and consider individuals wellbeing. The control of the top ten risks involved in this project included activities such as arranging how the risks will be managed. This was to include risk management duties, actions and financial plans. A risk officer who in most cases is a team member was assigned. He was kept responsible of predicting possible project problems. A live project risk record was also maintained. In this record, each risk would have elements such as the opening date, name, short explanation, probability and significance. Risk reporting means were to be created whereby each project member was endowed with the task of reporting risks he foresees. Mitigation plans for risks that are to be controlled were prepared illustrating how a particular risk would be dealt with. Finally, planned and met threats, efficiency of the control activities and attempts made for risk management were summarized. Conclusion Risks directly decrease the productivity and knowledge of the employees, decreases expenses, good turn, brand value and character. Indefinable risk management permits risk management to create direct value from the pinpointing and reduction of risks that reduce productivity. If risks are inappropriately considered and prioritized, time can be washed out in dealing with loss risks that may not occur. Using a lot of time evaluating and managing unlikely risks can reroute resources that could be used more beneficially. Emergencies do occur and when they do, retaining the risk associated with it and dealing with the outcome is recommended. Senior managers should however avoid prioritization of risk management processes since these can prevent them from ever finishing a project or even commencing a project. They should control conflicts among the employees. Senior managers should also recognize that there is need for provision of incentives to reduce these risks. They should always be aware of risk problems and should always try to tackle some of these problems. Proper harmonization throughout the project period and good organizational communication should be enhanced. It is therefore clear that senior managers of this construction project should participate actively to control and manage the mentioned safety risks. References Bent, F. Nils, B. and Werner, R. (2003) Megaprojects and Risk: An Anatomy of Ambition. London: Cambridge University Press. Covello, V. Frederick, H. (1988) Seven Cardinal Rules of Risk Communication. Washington, DC: Environmental Protection Agency. Crockford, N. (1986) An Introduction to Risk Management (2 ed.). Cambridge: Woodhead-Faulkner, p.18. Dorfman, M. (2007) Introduction to Risk Management and Insurance (9 ed.), Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall. Hubbard, D, (2009) The F ailure of Risk Management: Why It’s Broken and How to Fix It, NY: John Wiley Sons, P 46. Roehrig, P. (2006) Bet On Governance To Manage Outsourcing Risk. Business Trends Quarterly, (1) 5-6. This report on Project Safety Risk Management Plan was written and submitted by user Malaysia Cortez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Churches going Mega while small churches are dying out

Introduction The perception of American religion is changing with the entry of mega churches in the religious scene. Mega churches receive considerable attention from their leaders and attendees. Interestingly, leaders and members of smaller churches, denominational officials, church consultants, and seminary faculties pay great attention to mega churches.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Churches going Mega while small churches are dying out specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, political parties and media reporters are often talking about mega churches. The biggest church in the United States is the Lakewood Church in Houston, Texas, and usually has a total attendance of forty three thousand and five hundred followers. The United States has the largest number of small churches, which too play a major role in the religious landscape of the US.1 Due to the huge potential the small churches have in community building, they often grow into large churches once they have good internal leadership and surpass their resource limitations. This paper will focus on the growth of churches into mega churches and the decline in the number of small churches. Mega churches Mega churches are Protestant churches with at least two thousand attendees. Most of the mega churches are located in the suburban areas of the fast growing cities in the United States such as Houston, Atlanta, Orlando, Los Angeles, Phoenix, and Dallas. The majority of attendees in mega churches are the younger adults and most of them have attended a small local church. Research has shown that, most of the young adults that attend the mega churches are around forty-five years of age, and most of them are college graduates.2 The young adults around this age attend the mega churches because they have young children and the mega churches offer more programs and many opportunities for their children. In addition, the young ad ults at the age of forty-five have an interest in being connect and the mega churches gives them a good opportunity to know more people. The mega churches have strong believes, a well-stated mission and purpose and have high expectation for scriptural study, prayer, and contribution. With the level of commitment and zeal, which the leaders of mega churches have, these churches ought to be the future churches that every Protestant will want to attend. This had made mega churches to attract persons who are in need of a new experience of worship that entails large scale, high technology, and professional praise and worship3. The central activity in mega churches is worship and most of the Protestants view this experience as inspirational.4Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Most of the mega churches have introduced contemporary music using guitar and other instruments and in most cases accompanied by elaborate visual presentation. These innovations have led to the growth of churches membership. The small churches tend to be conservative and stick to their traditional mode of worship; hence, most of their members are the young adults because they long for new styles of worship. In the United States, Joel Osteen draws the largest congregation of around thirty thousand attendees on a weekly basis. During the weekly worship, life praise and worship bands lead the worship song. In addition, the mega churches seek to offer detailed visual presentation all the attendees. This makes the church livelier hence encouraging more membership. The mega church also offers three services to accommodate the large membership. Small churches are not in a position to achieve this due to the high expenses involved. Most of the Protestants are encouraged to join the mega churches because they will be involved in the churches’ educational programs, fellowship groups, and community services. Most of the Protestants, who join these mega churches, come from the small churches, which ultimately force the small churches terminate their services. Seemingly, four types of mega churches motivate the Protestants to move in to them. While many mega churches focus on teaching, some focus on evangelizing to Protestants, who are not in church, others are prosperity of the gospel churches that focus on creating wealth and ensuring good health for their congregation and those that are youth oriented and emphasize on popular culture. The mega churches play a major role in the missionary work. This has enabled their membership to grow because their doctrines are spread easily among Christians. Mega churches support most of the long-term missionaries serving outside the United States. This has been possible due to their financial status. This has encouraged most of the youth to have and interest in joining the mega churches to serve as missionaries. The small ch urches lack the capacity to sponsor their members to participate in missionary activities. This has contributed to most of the younger adults who want to serve as missionaries to move to mega churches to have that opportunity. Most of the mega churches have full-time ministerial staffs who are devoted to missions. This has greatly contributed to mega churches being proactive in social-organization of missions.5 Mega churches also grow through the word of mouth, with the congregation reaching out to their neighbors. This makes Protestants in small churches join the mega churches.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Churches going Mega while small churches are dying out specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In future mega churches will dominate because of the financial resources they have and social power. Mega churches are making the effort to attract members of different racial and ethic groups. Mega churches we lcome diversity and middle class people around the church. This had made evangelical Christians to leave small and medium sized churches located in the downtown area the mega churches that are non-denominational, large and embrace professional worship. This has made the mega churches convince evangelical Christians to join them to have the new experience of worship. The mega churches have also come up with music from their choirs, have t-shirts written the church doctrines, and their leaders have written books that preach the church doctrines. This has made the congregation of the mega churches to belief the leadership of the church. It also encourages those who attend the churches to become committed to the teaching to the mega churches.6 Mega churches in the United States are growing at a rapid rate with the recent development being the introduction of satellite campuses of the mother church. This has influenced the way evangelistic Christians view the church and the lead pastor. Research shows that attendance in mega churches is so high as compared to small and medium-sized Protestant churches. This implies that most of the Protestants prefer to attend the large churches than the small church. Despite of the rise in the number of mega churches, the small churches might not die completely.7 Small churches have a major role to play. Small churches give its members an opportunity for spiritual development, community caring and social engagement. They also give their pastors a better chance to develop spiritual leadership and mentor them to be good pastors, as compared to mega churches. For pastors who want a well-rounded ministry, small churches offer an ideal place for that opportunity.8 Churchgoers are not comfortable with church symbols such as crosses, stained glass windows of some churches, something that mega churches have not adopted in their churches. This has attracted more Christian into mega churches. Mega churches also pay more attention to the pre ferences of their congregation. Due to the rapid growth of mega churches, the evangelical Christians have been forced to adapt to capitalism as a mode of spiritual development. The mega churches are consumer friendly and have knowledge about media. Attendee of mega churches are offered several options choices in ministry. Mega churches have high tech entertainment and other activities. This has attracted most of the young adults in mega churches.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Most of the recent college graduates are too busy and if the church service is boring, they will not be willing to attend that church again. Small churches have not become accustomed with the entertainment idea and new styles of praise and worship and this had driven away the young adult from such churches. Due to theolographic limitation and some demographic factors, small churches have not being in capacity to draw many evangelical Christian. The demographic drawback, faced by small churches, is that, they only attract Christians with low household income, as compared to mega churches that attract the middle class young adults. This has led to small churches remaining small while large churches grow bigger. People dominating the population of the United States are at the age of twenty- and thirty-something.9 The mega churches will be the future format of worship, because they have adopted new technology in ministering their work, by using Web-based media to transfer their messages . Use of the internet is cost effective for the mega church. This has enabled mega churches to broadcast their teaching globally. In addition, almost all the mega churches have their services aired through, either radio or TV, though this practice is costly. This has improved Protestants commitment to their teaching and the way of worship. Conclusion In the last ten years, churches tend to grow larger. This implies that in the future, mega churches will dominate. The big-screen and modern worship service, adopted by mega churches, is in close relation with modern lives of Americans, as compared to small churches, which are still using the traditional church service with slow- moving worship and old hymns. With the young adults forming the majority of the population, the small churches have no future in the American religion. The future of the church is with the young adults who are now oriented toward the mega churches. Bibliography Battista, Andrew.† After the Garden is Gone: Megachurches, Pastoral, and Theologies of Consumption.† DisClosure 19 (2010): 83-94. Dart, John. â€Å"The Trend Towards Bigger Churches; Going Mega.† Christian Century,  2010: 22-27. Dodgshon, Robert. The Age of the Clans: The Highlands from Somerland to the  Clearances. Edinburg: Birlinn, 2002. Ellingson, Stephen. The Megachurch and the Mainline: Remaking Religious Tradition in  The Twenty-First Century (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2007), 321. Priest Robert, Douglas Wilson, and Adelle Johnson. â€Å"U.S Megachurch and New Patterns of Global Mission.† International Bulletin of Missionary Research 34, no. 2 (2010): 97-104. The Christian Century. â€Å"Megachurches a draw fro those under 45.† Christ Century 126, no. 14 (2009):17-18. Thumma, Scott, and Travis Dave. Beyond the Megachurch Myths: What we can learn  from America’s Largest Churches. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2007 Tischler, Henry. Introduction to Sociology. Belm ont, CA: Cengage Learning, 2010. Tucker, Ruth. Left Behind in a Megachurch World:How God work throuhg ordinary  churches. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2006. Footnotes 1 Scott Thumma and Travis Dave, Beyond the Megachurch Myths: What we can learn from America’s Largest Churches (San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2007), 8. 2 The Christian Century, â€Å"Megachurches a draw for those under 45† Christ Century 126, no. 14 (2009): 17. 3 Robert Dodgshon, The Age of the Clans: The Highlands from Somerland to the Clearances, (Edinburg: Birlinn, 2002), 69. 4 Henry Tischler, Introduction to Sociology, (Belmont: Cengage Learning, 2010), 312. 5Robert Priest, Douglas Wilson, and Adelle Johnson, â€Å"U.S Megachurch and New Patterns of Global Mission,† International Bulletin of Missionary Research 34, no. 2 (2010): 98. 6 Andrew Battista, â€Å"After the Garden is Gone: Megachurches, Pastoral, and Theologies of Consumption,† DisClosure 19 (2010): 84. 7 John Dart,†The Tren d Towards Bigger Churches; Going Mega,† Christian Century, 2010: 22. 8 Ruth Tucker, Left Behind in a Megachurch World:How God work throuhg ordinary churches (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2006), 99. 9 Stephen Ellingson, The Megachurch and the Mainline: Remaking Religious Tradition in the Twenty-First Century (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2007), 321. 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Bigger essays

Bigger essays Richard Wright is the author of the novel, Native Son. By writing the novel, he wanted to awaken America to the realities of the relationship between blacks and whites in the controversial 1930s. When he wrote this novel, it caused many disputes among Americans. Many people thought that some of the issues Wright included in his novel were not appropriate to write about. Richard Wright believed that even the bad parts of America should be seen, though. This story takes place in Chicago, Illinois in the late 1930s. The main character is Bigger Thomas. He is a twenty year old black man who lives in a one-room apartment with his mother, sister, and brother. The part of town they live in is infested with crime, and most of the buildings are dilapidated. Bigger believes that he could never get far in life because of his being an inferior black man in a white world. Bigger wants to help support his family, so he decides to apply for a job as a chauffeur. He is hired by a millionaire named Henry Dalton, who allows Bigger to live in his house. Mr. Dalton and his wife, who is blind, always try to help their employees succeed in life. Everything goes well for a while until one night when Mr. Daltons teenage daughter, Mary, gets drunk. Bigger carries Mary to her room after she falls down while climbing the stairs. While Bigger is in Marys room, Mrs. Dalton comes to check in on her. Although Mrs. Dalton wouldnt be able to see Bigger in Marys room, he is afraid that Mary might make a noise and Mrs. Dalton might think that he is raping her daughter. In his terror, Bigger covers Marys face with a pillow and accidentally When Bigger sees that he killed Mary, he freaks out, chops up her body with an ax, and hides it in the furnace downstairs. Although he acts out of fear and doesnt know what he is doing, Bigger still feels a ...

Research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research paper - Essay Example It assumes that the quality called ‘beauty’ objectively and universally exists. Women must want to embody it and men must want to possess women who embody it†. Her sentiments summarize how the society views women beauty and how it uses the perceived images to manipulate their lives. The sad truth as depicted in Barbie Doll poem is that women more than often fall victims. The stage is set from a normal birth through to a sad premature final journey at the funeral. This poem is a narrative of four stanzas written in a free verse style. Marge Piercy used different tones throughout the poem to pass the critical message of the impact of gender stereotyping on the women in the society. The tone of the poem depicts a depressed and sad life of a girl trying to fit into the expectations of the society but in vain. She uses a well known toy Barbie Doll to pass the message. She vividly describes real cultural and social pressures that young girls and women have to endure on a daily basis. Using culture studies approach, this paper provides a critical analysis of the poem using two different schools of literary criticism: feminist and psychoanalytic criticism to illustrate cultural and social gender stereotype on ideal women beauty and gender roles. Formation of Gender Stereotype According to Sharon Begley, stereotypes â€Å"make people painfully aware of how the society views them.† She argues that such awareness can extensively influence the intellectual ability of the holder as well as performance of other tasks (Begley, 2000 p66). In the poem Barbie Doll, Marge Piercy sets the stage by introducing the historical formative stage of the female beauty and gender role stereotypes. By using Barbie Doll an iconic beautiful toy manufactured by Mattel Toys, and widely adored by American girl children, she illustrates how the society form and transfer stereotypes from one generation to another. In this case, Mattel Toys represents the society and the t oy Barbie Doll bearing Mattel Toys expected characteristics of a beautiful girl or woman is the culture that is passed on to the next generation. The salient characteristics of Barbie Doll are; she has blonde hair, blue eyes, large breasts, a small waist, and large hips. According to Wald 1998, these are the symbol of beauty and are used as the standard to gauge girls’ beauty by society (Wald, 1998, pp. 585-610). The first line of the first stanza, â€Å"This girlchild was born as usual† shows an innocent being brought forth into the world free from any cultural influence. Line 2 – 4, â€Å"and presented dolls that did pee-pee and miniature GE stoves and irons and wee lipsticks the color of cherry candy† shows clearly, the society’s involvement in introducing and propagating gender stereotypes and the perceived gender roles. The items presented to her are symbols of ideal woman. The innocent child is orientated into chauvinistic society – to be a beautiful woman who performs household chores and thus, cultured with expected ideal woman characteristics of beauty (Barbie Doll and lipsticks) and roles (GE stoves and irons). In line 5 – 6 â€Å"Then in the magic of puberty, a classmate said: You have a great big nose and fat legs†

Siop ELL Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Siop ELL - Research Paper Example Developing Connections Waterman and Harry (2008) present ten recommendations to guide school staff on how to implement this connection, where we emphasize on: (1) school principals providing explicit support for parent involvement work, (2) offering open-ended meetings involving teachers and parents, and (3) offering parents an English as a second language class or a family literacy program (9-13). The school principal promotes parent-school collaboration through policy, staff decisions, and behaviors (Waterman & Harry, 2008, p. 9). These can be exemplified by being highly concerned with the parents’ questions in meetings, and hiring staff that could work and communicate well with ELL families. In addition, initiating open-ended meetings for parents and select school staff is an avenue for both parties to discuss questions and concerns, and for parents to familiarize the school system, and for practitioners to be aware of the ELLs experiences (10). These assemblies would event ually create a trusting relationship between the school and families, increasing parental involvement.

Flag Protection Act of 1989 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Flag Protection Act of 1989 - Essay Example (2) This subsection does not prohibit any conduct consisting of the disposal of a flag when it has become worn or soiled. (c) Nothing in this section shall be construed as indicating an intent on the part of Congress to deprive any State, territory, possession, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico of jurisdiction over any offense over which it would have jurisdiction in the absence of this section. (d)(1) An appeal may be taken directly to the Supreme Court of the United States from any interlocutory or final judgment, decree, or order issued by a United States district court ruling upon the constitutionality of subsection (a). (2) The Supreme Court shall, if it has not previously ruled on the question, accept jurisdiction over the appeal and advance on the docket and expedite to the greatest extent possible. " 1989 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101-131, Sec. 2(a), amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) read as follows: ''Whoever knowingly casts contempt upon any flag of the United States by publicly mutilating, defacing, defiling, burning, or trampling upon it shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.'' Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101-131, Sec. 2(b), amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. ... any flag of the United States by publicly mutilating, defacing, defiling, burning, or trampling upon it shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.'' Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101-131, Sec. 2(b), amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: ''The term 'flag of the United States' as used in this section, shall include any flag, standard colors, ensign, or any picture or representation of either, or of any part or parts of either, made of any substance or represented on any substance, of any size evidently purporting to be either of said flag, standard, color, or ensign of the United States of America, or a picture or a representation of either, upon which shall be shown the colors, the stars and the stripes, in any number of either thereof, or of any part or parts of either, by which the average person seeing the same without deliberation may believe the same to represent the flag, standards, colors, or ensign of the United States of America.'' Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101-131, Sec. 3, added subsec. (d). SHORT TITLE OF 1989 AMENDMENT Section 1 of Pub. L. 101-131 provided that: ''This Act (amending this section) may be cited as the 'Flag Protection Act of 1989' [1].'' Texas v. Johnson In first 20 years, the Act was upheld by the local courts and Supreme Court refused to notice it, but then in 1984, during the Republican National Convention in Dallas, Johnson set the flag on fire during the protest. He was convicted of desecration and was sentenced one year in prison and was also fined $ 2000.00. The case went to Supreme Court which affirmed this decision. As a result of this, Congress enacted the Flag Protection Act 1989, according to which, the country's flag should never be desecrated in any form

The Education System In The Nineteenth Century

The Education System In The Nineteenth Century For one, the complicated nature of Britain particularly in England schooling and current educational controversies have their roots in schooling development. State involvements in education come late and first attempt to establish unified system of state funded elementary schools was made only in 1870 for England and Wales (1872 for Scotland and 1923 for Northern Ireland) yet it was not until 1944 that the state provided a comprehensive and national apparatus for both primary and secondary state schools, which were free and compulsory. However some church schools long existed. After England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales were gradually converted to Christianity by the fifth and sixth centuries, the churchs position in society enabled it to create the first schools. These initially prepared boys for the priesthood, but the church then developed a wider educational role and its structures influenced the late state system. For example, some schools were periodically established by rich in dividuals or monarchs. These were independent privately financed institutions and were variously known as high, grammar and public schools. They were late associated with both the modern independent and state educational sector. But such schools were largely confined to the sons of rich, aristocratic and influential. Most people received no formal schooling and remained illiterate and innumerate for life. As this shows, in later centuries, more children benefited as the church schools were provided by wealthy industrialist and philanthropists for working-class boys and girls; and some other poor children attended a variety of schools organized by voluntary societies, women (dames); workhouses and the ragged school union, but the minority of children attending such institution in reading, writing and arithmetic. The majority of children received no adequate education. By the nineteenth century, in Britain (expect Scotland) had haphazard school structure. Protestant churches had lost their monopoly of education and competed with the Roman Catholic Church and other faiths. Church schools guarded their independence from state and secular interference and provided much of available schooling. The ancient high, grammar and public schools provided continued to train the son of the middle and upper classes for professional and leadership role in society, but, at a time when industrial revolut ion were proceeding rapidly and the population was growing strongly, the state did not provide a school system which could educate the workforce. Most working class still received no formal or sufficient education. However, local and central government did begin to show some regard for education in early nineteenth century. Grants were made to local authorities for school use in their areas and in 1833 parliament funded the construction of school building. But it was only in 1870 that the state became more actively involved. An education Act (The Foster Act) created local school boards in England and Wales which financed and built elementary schools in their areas. Such state schools supplied non-denominational training and existing religious voluntary (or Church) school served denominational needs. By 1870 the state system was providing free and compulsory elementary schooling in most parts of Britain for children between the ages of five and ten (Twelve in 1899). The Balfour Act (1902) abolished the school boards, made local government responsible for state education, established some new secondary and technical schools and funded voluntary schools. But, although states school provided educat ion for children up to the age of fourteen by 1918, this was still limited to basic skills. In addition to this, adequate secondary school education remained largely the province of independent sector and few state schools. But generally people had to pay for these services. After a period when old public (private) schools had declined in quality, they revived in nineteenth century. Their weakness, such as the narrow curriculum and indiscipline, had been reformed by the progressive head-masters like Thomas Arnold of Rugby, and their reputations increased. The private grammar and high school, which imitated the classic-based education of the public schools, also expanded. These schools drew their pupils from son of the middle and upper classes and use the training ground for established elite and the professions state secondary school education in early twentieth century was marginally extended to children who parents could not afford school fees- scholarships (financed grants) for clever poor children become available; some state funding was provided and more schools were c reated. But this state help did not appreciably expand secondary education, and by 1920 only 9.2 per cent of 14 years-old children in England and Wales were able to enter secondary schools on a non fee-paying basis, the school system in early twentieth century was still inadequate for the demands of society; working-and lower middle class children lacked extensive education; and hard-pressed government avoided any further large- scale involvement until 1944. In 1944, an education Act (The Butler Act) reorganized state primary and secondary schools in England and Wales (1947 in Scotland and Northern Ireland) and greatly influenced future generations of school children. State schooling became free and compulsory up to the age of fifteen and was dived into three stages; primary (5-11 years), secondary schools (11-150 and further post- school training. A decentralized system resulted, in which Ministry of education drew up policy guidelines and local education authorities (LEAs) decided which forms of schooling would be used in their areas. It is been proven that, at the beginning of nineteenth century, European states showed little interest in primary education only in Germany states was a state-run system for it. In 1883, the French government created a system of a system of state-run secular schools by instructing local government to establish an elementary school for both boys and girls. None of these primary schools required attendance, however, which tended to be irregular at best. In rural society children were still expected to work in fields. In industrializing countries like Britain and France, both employers and parents were eager to maintain the practice of child labor. In the decades after 1870, the functions of the state were extended to include the development of mass education in state-run systems. Most western government began to offer at least primary educator to both boys and girls between ages of six and twelve, in most countries it was not optimal. Austria had established free, compulsory elementary education in 1869, In France an 1882 law made primary education compulsory for all children between sic=x and thirteen. Elementary education was made compulsory in Britain in 1880, but it was not until 1902 that an act of Parliament brought all elementary schools under county and town control, states also assumed responsibility for all quality of teachers by establishing teacher-training schools. By 1900, many European states, especially in Northern and Western Europe, were providing state-financed primary schools, salaried and trained teachers, and free, compulsory elementary education for the masses. Traditionally, the private sector has played a significant role in education, only since late 19th century state has guaranteed education as a compulsory service for all citizens i.e. primary education became compulsory for children aged 5 and 10 in 1870. The top age for leaving school was raised in 1944. Education beyond 11 was considered secondary. Universal elementary education required a degree of compulsion, especially as young people were able to begin their working careers much earlier than they can today, at least in the developed world. To commence work at the age of 12 was uncommon. For many poor families educating a child meant the loss of a potential earner in the household, laws that made school attendance compulsory ere passed in the Massachusetts in 1864 and 1890 ( with exception of southern states, which delayed compulsion until the early twentieth century). In Europe, compulsion was applied in 1868 in Prussia, in England and Wales in the 1870s (Scotland and Northern Ireland), and France and other countries in the 1880s. Secondary schools had been state institutions in France as in Prussia from the early nineteenth century although they were fee-paying. In England they remained private institutions until much later, opportunities for free secondary education for some talented children from state primary schools were provided from the late nineteenth century, but universal secondary education did not become general in most European countries until after 1945. It is salutary to contemplate that this was only so recent. The exponential increase in technology since 1945 could not have accrued without a comprehensive system of universal education. In the much more egalitarian social conditions of the late twentieth century, knowledge and expertise could not be confined to a select few. As this shows, In great Britain, early nineteenth- century reforms were stimulated by the philosophic Radicals led by Jeremy Bentham, who advocated dealing with public problems in a rational and scientism way, a reform movement utilizing parliamentary, legal and educational means economic and social philosophers in Britain, including Adam smith and Jeremy Bentham argued for liberalism, rationalism, free trade, political rights and social reform all contributing to the greatest good for the greatest number labour law reforms ( the mines and the factory acts) banning mines children and women from underground work in the mines and regulating reduction in workday to 10 hours were adopted by the British Parliament in the 1830s to 1840. The spread of railroads and steamship the penny post (1840), and telegraphs (1846).Combined with growing literacy and compulsory primary education introduced in Britain in 1876,. This dramatically altered local and world communication. During the 18 and 19 centuries European countries also began as American who started to develop examination for selection into professional civil service. The purposes of the examinations were to raise the competency level of public functionaries, lower the patronage and nepotism. Prussia began using examinations for filling all government administrative posts staring as early as 1748, and the competition for university entrance as a means to prepare for these examinations for all civil service appointment in 872. Public examination system in Europe therefore, developed primarily for selection, and when mass secondary schooling expanded following World War 2, entrance examinations become the principal selection tool setting students on their educational trajectories. In general, testing in Europe controlled the flow of young people into the varying kinds of schools that followed compulsory primary schooling. Student who did well moved on to the academic track, where study of classical subject led to uni versity education others were channelled into vocational or trade schools. In addition to this, in last decades the duration of compulsory schooling has become longer. The trend has in most EC countries curriculum is prescribed by a central authority (usually the ministry of education). In Germany, curricula are determined by each of its states. In France the curriculum is quite uniform nationwide, and in Denmark individual schools enjoy considerable discretion in the definition of curricula. The trend in several countries has been to allow schools a greater say in the definition of curricula during the compulsory period of schooling; school-based management and local control are not uniquely American concept However, the level of prescription varies from system to system. In the Britains systems seems to be moving in other direction. In the past, curricula in Britain were determined by local education authorities and even individual schools, independent regional examination boards exerted a strong influence on the curricula of secondary schools. The centra l government significantly tightened to gap around the regional boards beginning in the middle 1880s and since the education reform Act 1988 the UK has moved toward adoption of national curriculum. It is obviously from this that, since 19 century education (Primary school) has been important political and social too to educate a useful and skilled workforce, to maintain social rest, to create social equality and or secure economic success and innovation. The British government spent most its budget to build new schools after the implementation of Education Acts. The governments aim was to address the state as well as politician and employers rather than children; this was due to poverty and how much the country was destroyed by the war and industrialization. But why education and why education iss young children is mainly concern of the state rather than individual whose learning and life chances. It is about education specially Primary school that could be viewed as parents responsibility to make sure children receive a basic knowledge form early schooling age and for it is also government duties to ensure the schools are all under perfect condition and teachers are paid fairl y therefore the country will be able to stay in competition with other most powerful nations in the world. Education can be viewed as an individual choice and investment for the future career opportunities and was indeed the case until around 1870 when Education Act of that year introduced state primary school (age 5-11) until then, education had been a matter of mainly for the upper class in public schools and middle classes in grammar schools. For the working class only some voluntary of church or church schools had attended to the teaching of reading, writing and rithmetic Universal post 11 educations was not introduced until momentous 1944 education Act, probably the most crucial element of the new welfare state to come out of the Second World War Significantly, the provision of free school meals, milk, dental and medical care was also part of the system reform to encourage children attending schools and most significantly this reform was designed to very much help the poor families who did not have anything to feed their children and would rather sent their children to work. Conclusion During 19 century children of Britain faced a period of industrialization which as result the parents to send their children to work instead of going to schools, it was very depressing period for the country as whole. Education for children was not an option for poor families who were living in terrible condition; schools were only designed for rich. The establishment of education act injected the believe and hope of Britain children with a promise of bright future, by providing equal education to all children boys and girls. This development guaranteed Britain as a nation to improve the skills of children who are the future of the country and also maintaining and competitiveness with other top countries in the world. I personally think it is very clear that the development of education produces important foundation on many levels. Individual benefits by increasing knowledge and future earning and high living standard regardless of your background status. Business will gain more prof it the country will get out the poverty by being able to improve productivity and society will growth stronger by having a much secured level of civil contribution. Words account: 2560 Testing in American Schools: Asking the Right Questions. Washington, DC: Congress of the U.S., Office of Technology Assessment, 1992. Print.

Rates of Reaction Investigation :: Papers

Rates of Reaction Investigation Aim - We are trying to see what effect changing light intensity has on the volume of oxygen produced. Prediction - Photosynthesis is where a plant uses sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to produce oxygen and glucose. The equation for this is: Carbon dioxide = water ====== glucose = oxygen I predict that as the lamp is placed further away from the plant the amount of oxygen produced will decrease. The factors that will affect the rate of photosynthesis are the amount of sunlight, the amount of carbon dioxide and water. These affect the rate of photosynthesis because they are the main factors. Temperature also affects the rate of photosynthesis because the enzymes stop working when the temperature becomes too high. The enzymes also work better at a warmer temperature than at a colder temperature because the particles move faster. This means that the faster moving particles collide with each other more. The more they collide the faster the rate of photosynthesis. The only plants that can photosynthesize are plants that are green. The plants that are green contain the pigment chlorophyll can photosynthesize. After entering the leaf through the stomata the carbon dioxide is trapped. The stomata in the leaf control how much water and carbon dioxide are let in and how much oxygen and glucose is released. The water is carried through the xylem from the roots and it is trapped in the chloroplasts. When the light hits the leaf its energy is trapped and used to break the bonds in the water and carbon dioxide. This means that the two compounds are being split into their elements. The elements of carbon dioxide, hydrogen and oxygen reform to create the compound glucose and molecules of oxygen. A limiting factor is one, which will not change so it is limited. The factor that I am going to change is light intensity. This is the main factor that will affect the rate of photosynthesis. The more light there is the more oxygen that will be produced.

Impact of Media and Social media on youth Essay

1 Explore the impact of media and of social media present with today’s youth by providing thoroughly supported detail, and well-documented conclusions. Social media has become an essential part for today’s younger generation. Social media websites such as Facebook, Twitter, My space, Instagram has positive effect on youth but equally it has negative effects as well. Positive Effects The social media websites has effected youth in a way that it is considered to be a great source for professionals. They can be used as a source to start a new business or any profession. For example if a friend is looking to get hired for a job and he posted a status on his profile, so any other friend who know any job related to him, he can send him couple of messages on his profile and that’s how it benefit people. They are many other positive aspects of these social networking websites. It may help in strengthening the relationships between the young generations. There are lots of people who don’t see their friends for so long. These social websites are a way where they can be connected again. They can connect with the friends no matter they are how long away from them. It has reduced distances. Just by one click and there you go. Send friend request, on the other end your friend will accept it and start chatting. Social networking sites has helped people in connect ing people who are too far away and with whom it is impossible to meet personally, and keeping them informed about your life and the events happening in your life (Johnson et al, 2002). Read more:  Positive Aspects of Social Media Negative Effects There are negative impacts of social media on youth as well. One of the negative impacts is cyber bullying, which is very common now a days on internet. This is commonly occurs on the sites of social media. Cyber bulling is basically an electronic base communication to tyrant a person,  most often by sending threatening messages. There are also videos on social networking websites that shows violence, these videos could lead to affect the behavior of teens. By watching violence they became more aggressive, their behavior with their family changes and their minds become assertive, this could ultimately affect their living in the society. Another negative impact of social networking sites on younger generation is that these sites don’t have strict privacy, many of the personal information has been shared publically. Many of the youth don’t know about the privacy policy of any blog and they don’t actually know that this information will be disclosed to the other p ersons like advertisements. While as sharing of the personal information like photos and places, teenagers feels safe to share this stuff on social media site and they don’t worry while sharing this stuff on facebook publically. According to a questionnaire conducted on the privacy of social media websites, 21 percent of the teenagers believed that it is safe to share your personal information like photos on facebook to public. When people who use these websites for taking photos of teenagers and use them for illegal causes without knowing any disclaimers, so personal information of the teenagers seems to be exposed. This is considered to be a very serious matter because of the increasing rates of cyber crimes like theft of identity of a person. Once you have been a victim of this cyber crime, then there is nothing effective you can do. The best possible way for the avoidance of this theft is that never put your personal information publically on social networking websites. This is a very serious issue and many of the teenagers especially girls has been a victim. This has badly affected their image. Social networking websites can be very suspicious to your computer as well through a process used by hackers known as social engineering. What happen is, a hacker hacks one of your friend’s account or may make a fake account using the name of your friend send you a friend request, you accept the request knowing that he is your friend, after that they send you a link in a private chat. When you click on that link you are gone, either your account password has been emailed to that person or you system has been affected by many scams and viruses. Impact of Media In today’s world media has become stronger as ever. Television is the major source for the impact of media. It has positive effect, but on today’s  younger generation, their positive impacts have been minimized as compared to their negative impacts. Positive impacts The positive impact of the media is that it provides information to youth. Television can be act as a teacher for the youth. Watching programs that gives good lessons of kindness, racial harmony and cooperation has affected very positively on youth. Similarly some of the programs aired on television encourage libraries, zoo visits, visit to bookstores, visit to museum and many other refreshing places, and also videos that hold educational purpose can proved to be strong pro-social devices of teachings. Another positive effect is the good advertisements, which can affect the children’s behavior in a positive way. For example, any alcohol company launched their advertisement on television. They spend 10% of their total budget on the damages caused by the usage of alcohol, which includes danger in driving as well. The stage of development of child has played a vital role in effect of advertisements. According to a survey, average child watches almost 20 thousand advertisements per year. Over 60 percent advertisements promote candy, sugared cereals, toys and fatty foods. Programs based on cartoons toy products are very attractive for the children. Negative impacts Watching television can put negative impact on youth. The negative impacts are as follows Violence Nutrition Sexuality Alcohol and Smoking Violence Number of programs that consist of violence has been increased in the recent time. According to an average a child watches round about 12,000 acts of violence in television programs annually, including many cases of extortion, rape and murder. Around 1000 articles based on this study confirm that display of increased doses in the violation of television made aggressive behavior especially in boys. Other studies show that publicity of suicides on newspaper and television has increased the risk of suicide by a huge factor. Nutrition Television is the reason for the lack of play and activities related to exercise which are essential for the growth of a child. Children who waste their time on watching excessive television programs are not fit physically and like to take junk food and snacks that gives high energy. Spending much time on watching television may lead to obesity. Watching advertisement that promotes junk food has affected nutritious died of a person. Advertisements based on healthy food consist of only 4 percent of the total advertisements shown when a child is watching television. Spending number of hours on watching television programs is directly proportional to the increased number of cholesterol in a child. It may also result in eating disorders especially in girls of teenage. Eating while, viewing television programs, may lead to meaningless communication and poor habits of eating. Sexuality The programs on televisions have become a top most educator regarding sex. Between the year 1976 to 1996, the interactions that has been sexual, increased by 270 percent. Television plays a big role in revealing the sexual behaviors in children by exhibiting that they are risk free and ordinary. Sex between the couple who are unmarried has been displayed 24 times greater than it has been shown between the married couples, while the infections caused by sex and the unwanted pregnancy have been mentioned rarely. Alcohol and smoking According to a survey, teenagers view 1000 to 2000 commercials promoting bears and depicting a message that real people drink it. This data shows that number of advertising beer is directly proportional to the increased number of beer consumption. Basically television is not the only way through which a child knows about drinking beer, the main point is that it doesn’t show the consequences it can produced. More than one half of the animated movies shows use of bear and tobacco normally, without showing the consequences it can produced if used excessively (Beresin and Eugene, 2009). 2. Compares and contrasts various ways of preventing a selected risk factor from developing into an issue that would require treatment or intervention, by providing thoroughly supported detail, and well-documented reasoning for conclusions. The risk factor that has been chosen for the analysis is ‘Effect of violence in media on children’. There are two approaches that  lead to the reduction of effects caused by violent media (Murray and John, 2008). Limiting the ways of accessing and use of violent media It has been found by the researchers that by limiting the use of media, which includes watching television and playing video games, can result in the reduction of aggressive behavior in children. As many of the children’s involved in the activities of media at their home, so parents plays a big role by limiting the boundaries of excessive watching television programs and playing of video games by keeping an eye on the watching habits of child and also by monitoring what kind of and up to which extent they consume media. Parents should give lessons to their children at their developing stages that they should not watch violent programs, and any content that ultimately leads to the violence. In the year 1996 an act of telecommunication has been passed, whose focus was to provide assistance to the parents or the caretakers of the child in decreasing the child’s focus onto violent media. There has been the introduction of the rating systems through which parents could rate any specific program. If the rating has not been good that program will ultimately lead to its end. It has also the option of restricting some channel that includes the violent content. So parents were able to filter the specific television channels that exhibit violence and also the filter of abusive language. This could ultimately provide a parental control on child consuming the media. Creating Media knowledge in Youth and Parents The second technique used for the reduction of violent media is the knowledge of media through proper training. Parents and the children should be taught to assess media and create techniques in a way that may result in the reduction of violence. They should be taught a lesson, so they may able to find out the difference between the imaginary and real world. By knowing the outcome of violence shown on media in real life, and appraise the thinking of producers in the creation of a media product, explaining the nonviolent behavior in place of violent behaviors. After getting the training lessons, still many of the people don’t know about the function of blocking channels and content and for those who knows, they don’t bother to use this function. The training of giving knowledge about the media consist of Foundation known  as Just think foundation, which emphasizes on children by conveying programs based on education and that can be adjusted after the school or even bet ween the school timings. The center for the knowledge of media offers training of knowledge related to media for parents, teachers and community through activities and exercising. 3. Evaluates the various system supports that will be involved in preventing the selected risk factor, by providing thoroughly supported detail, and well-documented reasoning for conclusions Youth have been affected badly by the violence on media. The age ranges from 12 to 17 years, there is more probability of them to be a victim of violence as compared to the adults, and three times more chance of getting into the victim of attack. There is another cause that leads to the death of people who have ages between 15 to 24 years. According to a survey the rate of people who have been a rape victim, sexual attack and robbery are below the age of 25 than any of other groups of age (Bushman et al, 2001). Violence has many types which includes emotional, sexual, verbal or physical violence. In each of its form, it has been committed mostly by the person who is a relative of the victim that includes its family member and friends. Following are the support systems for the prevention of violen ce media on youth. Promotion of a helping and safe atmosphere at home By increasing the number of parents or caretakers who have nonviolent children, confirming the restriction of promoting alcohol or any other drug by parents or caretakers. Proper training lessons should be conducted and help desk should be created for the facilitation of families who has been a victim of violence and also about the advantages of different ways that restrict media violation. Work with the training centers that works for the prevention of violence There should be awareness campaign for the prevention of programs that promote violent. Parents should work with the schools and helped with for this cause, in this way they will learn and on the same time teach this education to others as well. Forbid students for watching the violent programs at their early age and tell them the risks that possibly could occur as a result of watching these violent programs. Manage the society in a way that it will minimize risks and maximize protection Technically connect with the programs that work on the development of youth. There should be availability of every opportunity that supports in making  healthy relationships. Proper campaigns should be launched which describes the awareness among the youth about the damages caused the use of alcohol. Manage the best practices systems in order to reduce violence and to address civil condition Introduction of new policies should made that should meet the initial needs of a family like residence, income, nutrition, food and childcare. Training of the individuals so that they may able to find and give response to the violence on media. One thing must be checked that are your surroundings which includes your neighbors are safe. Promotion of an attractive package of the preventive services regarding health for younger generation age ranges from 11 to 21. Provide food and shelter for the people who don’t have their own homes. These are the ways through which violence on media can be prevented. If a person wants society free from this violation, he should follow these steps in order to develop a better society (Robinson et al, 2001). 4. Categorizes the roles of each system in preventing the selected risk factor, by providing thoroughly supported detail, and well-documented conclusions. Roles of each system Promotion of a helping and safe atmosphere at home This system for preventing the risk of violence shown on media helps in guiding the parents about treating their children related to violence that is shown on media and social media. This system encourages the secure atmosphere at homes of children so that they cannot learn bad things from media. Work with the training centers that works for the prevention of violence The role of this system is to tell about the importance of different centers of training through which people can learn about preventing violence. People can learn about the advantage of these training centers related to violence and can prevent this is future. Manage the society in a way that it will minimize risks and maximize protection The main role of this system for preventing violence is to manage the society in a way that can reduce the level of risks and increase the level of protection. Media channels and social media should be given lessons through which they can learn that what to show on media and what to not. Manage the best practices systems in order to reduce violence and to address civil condition The role of this  system is to manage the practices that are best for the system for reducing violence in society and for addressing the condition in civil. References Johnson Jeffrey G., Patricia Cohen, Elizabeth M. Smailes, Stephanie Kasen, and Judith S. Brook. (2002). â€Å"Television viewing and aggressive behavior during adolescence and adulthood.† Science295(5564):2468-2471 Beresin, Eugene V. (2009). â€Å"The Impact of Media Violence on Children and Adolescents: Opportunities for Clinical Interventions.† American Academy of Child Adolescents Psychiatry. [Available Online] http://www.aacap.org/cs/root/developmentor/the_impact_of_media_violence_on_chi ldren_and_adolescents_opportunities_for_clinical_interventions (Retrieved on 29 Oct 2014) Murray, John P. (2008). â€Å"Media Violence: The Effects Are Both Real and Strong.† American Behavioral Scientist 51(8):1212-1230 Bushman, Brad J., and L. Rowell Huesmann. (2001). Effects of Televised Violence on Aggression. In: Singer DG, Singer JL, eds. Handbook of Children and the Media. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Robinson, Thomas N., Marta L. Wilde, Lisa C. Navracruz, K. Farish Haydel, and Ann Varady. (2001). â€Å"Effects of reducing children’s television and video game use on aggressive behavior: a randomized controlled trial.† Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 155:17-23 Federal Communications Commission. In the matter of violent television programming and its impact on children: statement of Commissioner Deborah Taylor Tate. MB docket No. 04-261 [Available online] http://fjallfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-07-50A5.pdf [Retrieved on 29 Oct 2014]

buy custom Recruitment Laws essay

buy custom Recruitment Laws essay Introduction A recruitment exercise is a set of activities done to attract, evaluate, and to select a qualified person that best meets the requirement for a job. In the U.S, congress has drafted and enacted several bills that seek to protect the its citizens from any kind of discrimination that might be on the basis of gender, age, nation of origin, physical disability, and race. The Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1997 was drafted and enacted to prohibit employment discrimination based on national origin, race, sex, and religion (Perritt, 2008). Section 2000e-2 of the act stipulates that, it shall be an unlawful employment practice for any employer to decline to hire or to discharge a person, or otherwise to discriminate against a person on the basis of his or her compensation, conditions, terms, or privileges of employment, on the basis of such a persons gender, religion, and race. It also stipulates that, it would be unlawful for an employer to segregate, limit, or classify his or her employees or job applicants in a manner that would segregate or deny him/her equal opportunities or otherwise unfavorably interfere with his or her status as an employee on the basis of color, religion or gender (Perritt, 2008). The Civil Rights Act was enacted into law by congress back in the year 1991. The drafting and enactment of this law by congress was motivated by the some seven decisions that had been made by the Supreme Court (Burstein, 1994). Some of these decisions were viewed as having the intention of changing the well-known platform of discrimination law, and bring doubt concerning the existing standards. Among the Supreme Court decisions which were addressed were that of Price Waterhouse vs. Hopkins of 1989, and Wards Cove Packing Co. vs. Antonio. The Act also amended a number of statutes enforced by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, both substantively and procedurally. The Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 (EEOA), was meant to extend the Civil Rights Act of 1964, making its provisions, including Title VII, applicable even to the state and local governments (Burstein, 1994). The act was successful in expanding the jurisdiction and strengthening the powers of the federal Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). It gave room to employees of state and local governments to file employment description suits with the EEOC. The Act also strngthened the commissions investigatory powers by allowing it to document allegations of discrimination better. With the strengthened investigatory powers, the United States Department of Justice was also permitted to sue public authorities for violation of Title VII. Therefore, the EEO Act is the one that gives the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission authority to sue non compliant individuals in federal courts when it comes to its attention any reasonable cause to believe that there has been any kind of employment discrimination that is on the basis of gender, race, religion or natural origin. In the case of public employment, the matter is referred to the States Attorney General by the EEOC, who in turn brings the law suit (Burstein, 1994). The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 categorically prohibits employment discrimination against individuals forty years of age or older. Prior to the drafting and enactment of the law, it had come to the attention of congress that, older workers were finding themselves disadvantaged in their attempts to keep their employment opportunity, and more so even harder to regain employment after displacement at their job areas (DIANE, 1994). This was in the face of rising productivity and affluence in the country. It stipulated that, it shall be unlawful for an employing authority to decline to hire or discharge an individual because of such an individuals age. It would also be unlawful under the act, to segregate, limit, or classify, employees in a manner which would deny employment opportunities or maybe affect his status as an employee due to individuals age; or even reduce the wage rate of this person in order to comply with this order (DIANE, 1994). The Americans with Disability Act of 1990 as amended, recognizes and protects the civil rights of people with disabilities. It was crafted after earlier landmark laws prohibited discrimination on the base of sex and race. The act generally covers a wide range of disability and addresses matters to do with; access to the workplace which is covered under title 1 of the draft law; access of state and local government services which is under the second Title; and access to venues of public accommodation and commercial facilities which is under the third title (Chambliss, 1993). The law also stipulates that, phone companies must provide telecommunications relay services for persons with hearing and speech impairments, as well as the miscellaneous instrucctions to Federal agencies that enforce the law (Chambliss, 1993). The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 amended the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 to better control unauthorized immigration. A number of congressmen felt that, the issue of immigration was getting out of control because immigrants who were in the country both legally and illegally were then accounting for averagely a third to a half of the American population growth. To control this issue, congress saw it right to withdraw the incentive that allowed people to enter America by disallowing illegal immigrants working opportunities or even receiving any benefit from government. The Immigration Reform and Control Act provide sanctions that, stiffly penalizes anyone who knowingly hires an employee who is not legally allowed to work in the country (Chambliss, 1993). The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) was enacted in 1938. A number of amendments have been since made to the law since it was passed, establishing a minimum wage, over-time pay, record-keeping, and child-labor standards impacting negatively on workers in both the public and private sector (Chambliss, 1993). A critical look at the laws shows that they intertwine in the way the categorically prohibits employment discrimination, that is on the basis of race, age, religion, gender, physical disabilities, and national origin. There are those laws that were extended from previous ones enforcing the rules and regulations that are meant to protect persons from employment discrimination. In case of non-compliance, the above acts have placed statutory caps regarding the size of damages that could be awarded for future economic losses, pain and suffering, and punitive damages. Conclusion The above laws impact the recruitment and selection process in a huge way. They were meant to protect the American citizens from employment discrimination that may be on the basis of age, gender, physical disability, race, religion, and national origin. Until now, reports show that the laws have been successful in improving working environments as compared to the time before their enactments. In any country, it important for people to have the chance to go through a fair recruitment exercise of evaluation, and be selected on the basis of his or her qualification. Equality in opportunities in necessary in build a socially, and economically strong society where peoples worth are valued. Buy custom Recruitment Laws essay